荣格的移情心理学与投射性认同.pdf

1 投射性认同的原型基础之一:荣格的移情心理学与投射性认同李孟潮【摘要】本文比较了荣格学派移情心理学的理论中对投射性认同的描述并比较其与客体关系学派阐述的异同,介绍了以玫瑰园哲学为代表的投射性认同的集体无意识原型基础,并提出了重发现投射性认同的东方文化原型基础的必要性。【关键词】荣格移情投射性认同Jung’s transference psychology and the archetype foundation of projective identification【Abstract】The concept of transference in Jung’s work is reviewed pared with projective identification, focusing on the archetype foundation of projective identification which demonstrated in Rosarium Philosophorum, and the necessity of rediscovering the orient archetype foundation of projective identification is discussed as well. 【Key words】Jung transference projective identification 医疗实践是,而且总是一门艺术,分析实践同样如是。(Practical medicine is and always has been an art , and the same is true of practical analysis.)——Jung , 1928 1导论1946年,克莱因提出了投射性认同(projective identification)这个概念;同年,荣格也写了一篇论文,名曰《移情心理学(psychology of transference)》,此文是荣格对投射性认同这个现象最深刻和最有代表性的研究。在荣格著作中,他使用了primitive identity, contamination, unconscious identity, psychic infection, participation mystique, induction, feeling-into等等词语来描述投射性认同的各个侧面。在1921年的《心理类型》中,荣格描述了投射性认同,这时候他使用的术语Lipps的“感受进入”(feeling-into)的概念。这是一种知觉过程,过程中以感受为中介,把心理内容传递进入了客体,这样客体就被吸收进主体,因此客体就被内摄。主体并不会感觉到自己进入了客体,可是内摄的客体看起来有它自己的生命并且根据它自己的轨迹表达自身。这主要是依赖于在投射过程中,主体把无意识的成分转移进入了客体。荣格认为,feeling-into的过程便是移情的过程。[“(it is a)is the objectification of my quality into a object , distinct from myself ,whether the quality objectified merits the term “ feeling” or not …it transveys, through the agency of feeling , an essential psychic content into the object ; whereby the object is introjected. This content by virtue of its intimate relation with the subject that the 2 latter senses himself…in the object. The subject … does not feel himself into the object , but the object felt into appears rather as though it were animated and expressing itself of its own accord. This peculiarity depends upon the fact that the projection transfers an unconscious content into the object , whence also the feeling-into process is termed transferenc