投射性認同的原型基礎之一:
榮格的移情心理學與投射性認同
李孟潮
【摘要】本文綜述了榮格學派移情心理學理論中對投射性認同的描述,並比較其與客體關係學派闡述的異同。介紹了以玫瑰園哲學為代表的投射性認同的集體無意識原型基礎,並提出了重發現投射性認同的東方文化原型基礎的必要性。
【關鍵字】 榮格 移情 投射性認同
Jung’s transference psychology and the archetype foundation of projective identification
【Abstract】The concept of transference in Jung’s work is reviewed and compared with projective identification, focusing on the archetype foundation of projective identification which demonstrated in Rosarium Philosophorum, and the necessity of rediscovering the orient archetype foundation of projective identification is discussed as well.
【Key words】Jung transference projective identification
醫療實踐是藝術,而且一直總是藝術,分析實踐同樣如是。
(Practical medicine is and always has been an art , and the same is true of practical analysis.)
——Jung , 1928
1導論
1946年,克萊因提出了投射性認同(projective identification)這個概念;同年,榮格也寫了一篇論文,名曰《移情心理學(psychology of transference)》,此文是榮格對投射性認同這個現象最深刻和最有代表性的研究。
在榮格著作中,他使用了primitive identity, contamination, unconscious identity, psychic infection, participation mystique, induction, feeling-into等等詞語來描述投射性認同的各個側面。
在1921年的《心理類型》中,榮格描述了投射性認同,這時候他使用的術語Lipps的“感受進入”(feeling-into)的概念。這是一種知覺過程,過程中以感受為仲介,把心理內容傳遞進入了客體,這樣客體就被吸收進主體,因此客體就被內攝。主體並不會感覺到自己進入了客體,可是內攝的客體看起來有它自己的生命並且根據它自己的軌跡表達自身。這主要是依賴於在投射過程中,主體把無意識的成分轉移進入了客體。榮格認為,feeling-into的過程便是移情的過程。 [“(it is a)is the objectification of my quality into a object , distinct from myself ,whether the quality objectified merits the term “ feeling” or not …it transveys, through the agency of feeling , an essential psychic content into the object ; whereby the object is introjected. This content by virtue of its intimate relation with the subject that the latter senses himself…in the object. The subject … does not feel himself into the object , but the object felt into appears rather as though it were animated and expressing i
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