词汇学词素.ppt

词汇学词素IntroductionWeknowwordscanbeanalyzedintomorphemes,-formation,morphemesarelabeledroot,stem,,语素被分为词根、词干、词基和词缀。—somemorphemescannotnormallystandalone,butfunctiononlyaspartsofwords,e,g.-s,-erand-ed词缀都是粘着语素,依附于词根上构成新词或表示词的语法意义.Ⅰ.(Inflectionalmorphemes)arenotusedtoproducenewwords,butrathertoshowaspectsofthegrammaticalfunctionofaword(-s,-'s,-ed,-ing,-er,-est).屈折词缀:表示词的语法意义。(Derivationalmorphemes)areusedtomakenewwordsinthelanguageandareoftenusedtomakewordsofadifferentgrammaticalcategoryfromthestem(-er,-ness,-ly,-ful,-less,un-,dis-,re-,im-,pre-).派生词缀是加在词干上构成新词的词缀。Ⅱ.,unjust,rewrite,,mostprefixesmodifythemeaningofroots,,thewordisusuallychangedfromonepartofspeechintoanother,※.A“root”,arootisthatpartofawordformthatremainswhenallinflectionalandderivationalaffixeshavebeenremoved.(词根是所有屈折词缀和派生词缀被去掉后剩余的部分)Forexample,“Internationalism”isafour-morphemederivativewhichkeepsitsfreemorpheme“nation”asitsrootwhen“inter-”,“-al”and”-ism”aretakenaway.※.RootsmaybeFree::black+board;nation+nalBound::-ceiveinreceive,perceive,conceive※.Somewords()havemorethanoneroot,eg:mailman,girlfriend,※.Astemisthatpartoftheword-,a“stem”。※.Astemmaybeth