语言学同义词与反义词.ppt

语言学同义词与反义词DefinitionAntonym(反义词)Awordthatmeanstheoppositeofanotherword,(同义词)Awordthatmeansthesameornearlythesameasanotherword,-types:--GradableAntonym--ComplementaryAntonym---types:--AbsoluteSynonym--RelativeSynonym(1)Gradableantonym等级反义词Featuresofthem:First,,。(1)。(2)canbemodifiedby“very”(3)parativeandsuperlativedegrees(4)intermediatedegreesmaybelexicalized(sometimes)这样一对反义词在语义的直线坐标上离开中点距离应是相等的,但是可以有它们的内项,也可能有它们的外项。例如以hot(热的)和cold(冷的)这一对反义词来看,它们可以有内项warm(温的)和cool(凉的)又如,以good(好的)和bad(坏的)这一对反义词来看,它们可有外项excellent(极好的)和terrible(极糟的)Second,:,onememberofapair,usuallythetermforthehigherdegree,,通常那个较高程度的词用作覆盖整个量级的术语。Thecovertermiscalled“unmarked”“无标记词”,即一般词汇。Thecovered“marked”被覆盖的词语称为“标记词”。Unmarkedmarked名词:manwomanauthorauthoresslionlioness形容词:oldyoungwidenarrowdeepshallow名词:length长度height高度width宽度Examples:Howoldareyou?Howtallishisbrother?Howdoyoulikeyourfood?(plementaryantonym互补反义关系Threefeatures:First,。(1)Theassertionofonemeansthedenialoftheother,andthedenialofonemeanstheassertionoftheother.(2)can’tbemodifiedby“very”(3)parativeandsuperlativedegrees(4)-deadmale-femalepresent-absenttrue-falseSecond,。Third,。