意见证据规则在我国的理性构建.pdf

意见证据规则在我国的理性构建~㈣摘要意见证据规则是规范证人证言的证据规则,是证据排除规则中的重要内容之一。如果在立法上合理规定意见证据规则,并在司法实践中使其得到符合原意的运用,那么这一规则对于完善我国的证据规则体系,查明案件事实,提高诉讼效率,维护司法公正具有重要的作用。构建适合我国的意见证据规则,应从理论构建与程序构建两方面入手。在理论构建方面,首先明确意见证据规则的涵义,并分析我国构建意见证据规则的必要性。结合国外有关意见证据规则的相关理论及立法规定,从意见证据规则的适用主体、例外规定等方面构建我国的意见证据规则理论。重点论证意见证据规则中鉴定人以及具有专门知识的证人的资格认定问题;意见与事实的区别等。其中针对意见与事实的区分,文章将事实作了扩大解释,把证人建立在合理感知之上的, 与实际体验的事实相混淆,或者其陈述中含有推测判断要素的情况纳入到“事实’’的范围之内,而不是作为意见证据规则的例外情形而具有可采性。通过上述分析,总结出适合于我国的意见证据规则的具体涵义,即指证人作证时,只能陈述自己亲身感受和经历的事实;证人就有关事实所做出的推论、判断,以及据此所给出的意见,一般不具有可采性。但根据一般生活经验可以判断的事实或者法律另有规定除外。在程序构建方面,从增加预审程序;完善法官对判决书的书写; 加强对证人的保护等方面进行论述。关键词:证人,意见证据,意见与事实,构建 ABSTRACT The rulesofopinion evidence are rulesofevidence regulate the testimony rule is one oftheimportant elements ofthe exclusionary rules rule ifreasonably provisions inthe legislation and injudicial practice itin areasonable manner,then thisrule has animportant role toimprove China’Ssystem ofrulesofevidence,to identify thefactsofthecase,theefficiency oftheproceedings and to defendjudicialjustice. Rulesofevidence inChina’Sconstructionconsistsoftwomain areas, construction oftheory onthe one hand tobuild. ;On theotherhand istheprogram Intheory,first we need toclearthemeaning ofopinion evidence rulesandanalysis ofthenecessity ofconstruction ofopinion evidence ,thejudicial application oftheprovisions oftherules of evidence and theactual,on theestablishment ofrules ofevidence ishas important implications and ,the witness is defined intherules ofevidence, suchas,therange mon lawcountries,the view oftheopinion evidence,such as,the reasons of theopinions by lawwitness are not epted,and theexceptions. The relevantprovisions offoreign countriesabout theopinion evidence key todistinguishbetween”opinion”and¨truth¨,and expert opinions(including theviews ofpeople withexpertisein).Article facts made anexpandedexplanation,builds on thereasonable perception ofthe witness,confused withtheactualexperience ofthefact,or