抗战时期湖南铁路建设应用研究.pdf

湘潭大学硕士学位论文抗战时期湖南铁路建设研究姓名:李声满申请学位级别:硕士专业:中国近现代史指导教师:孙宝根 20080607 I 摘要战时湖南的地理位置非常重要,是全国的大后方,同时也是战争的最前线。然而当时的湖南铁路线路少,且运输里程短,不利于战争的运输,于是国民政府决定修建湖南铁路。但是战争影响,国民政府财政困难,修筑铁路的资金主要从英、德等国借款中筹措;少量资金来源民间募集商股。战时国民政府在湖南主要是贯通粤汉铁路铁路株韶段,新修湘黔铁路和湘桂铁路。铁路的建成使湖南铁路的营运里程增加,为了适应铁路发展和抗战军需民用的运输需要,国民政府将湖南境内原有的铁路分段管理机构合并统一,实行运输段制度,此制度的实行便于运输车辆集中管理,有利于组织管理向“合理化、商业化、经济化”方向发展。战时湖南铁路运输事务的管理机构有粤汉铁路管理局、湘桂铁路管理局和运输司令部,他们共同对湖南铁路采用准军事化管理。国民政府对抗战已有一定的经济和军事上的准备,尤其是对湖南铁路进行整理, 并且制定了运输措施。战时湖南铁路运输里程随战事的变化而变化,据此,铁路运输可分为五个阶段,各阶段都运输大量的军民、军用物资和外援物资。由于湖南铁路在战时担负国民政府向西南撤退和向前线运兵的重要任务,湖南成为当时人力, 物资向西南运输的中转站,湖南铁路的建成在一定程度上也促使战时湖南出现经济、文化短暂繁荣的局面。然而,由于战时军需紧急,修建铁路难免因陋就简,铁路管理难免机构重叠。因此,战时湖南铁路在建设、管理和运营上都存在一些问题;再加上日本侵略者不同程度的破坏和国民政府出于免于资敌而自行拆除等原因,造成战时湖南铁路运输效能大大降低。但湖南人民和铁路员工不畏艰辛,苦心经营,始终保证铁路在沦陷前的正常运输,为苦撑抗战做出了突出的贡献。关键词:抗日战争:湖南:铁路建设 II Abstract Hunan was very important in the wartime,Not onlyitwas the country's hinterland, but also it was the front line of war. However ,the Hunan railroad lines were few, and the transport mileage was short, it was not advantageous for war's transportation .so the government decided to build the railway in Hunan. But war-affected, the national governmentemerged financial difficulties, the construction of the railway was financed mainly from Britain, Germany and other countries, a small amount of private funding sources was to raise government mainly passed through a Yue-han Hunan railway (zhu-shao railroad in Hunan), built Xiangqiantielu and the Xiang-Gui railroad during the anti-Japanese War time. Building of the railroad made Hunan railroad's transport business course increaseing greatly, In order to adapt needing of railroad's development and Sino-Japanese War. National Government mergered and unifily managed Hunan section of the railway, This system implements was advantageous for the carrier vehicle to centralize management, and it was advantageous anization to “the rationalization, mercialization, the economization” the direction development. The National government had