不同淋滤方法对煤灰中痕量元素淋滤特性影响的研究.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
不同淋滤方法对煤灰中痕量元素淋滤特性影响的研究
姓名:吴涛
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:热能工程
指导教师:徐明厚;姚洪
20090522
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
煤炭在我国国民经济发展中有着非常重要的地位,煤电的比例占到了 70%左右。
煤燃烧在提供能量的同时,也产生了大量的粉煤灰,严重的污染了自然环境。它不但
污染空气,占用的大量土地,对水环境和土壤也带来了严重的污染。长期堆放的粉煤
灰,在自然环境中被雨水冲刷,致使里面的重金属元素析出。在食物链的作用下形成
富集,最终进入人体,危害人类的健康。
本文从基础出发,叙述了粉煤灰的形成机理及分类、重金属的含量及其危害、淋
滤的类型以及特点、国内外发展的现状等。结合现场实际,进行样品采集,然后对取
得的粉煤灰进行柱淋滤和批淋滤浸溶实验,并对实验得到的淋滤液进行 ICP-AES 测
试。
结合不同粒径、不同时间段、不同的淋滤方法测得的数据,对粉煤灰中重金属元
素的淋出率和淋出量进行分析谈论,并对 Cr、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Zn 等元素进行比较,
揭示重金属元素的浸溶规律,为下一步的研究奠定基础,也为现实条件下粉煤灰的处
理提供理论依据。

关键词:粉煤灰痕量元素柱淋滤批淋滤淋出率淋出量
I
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Coal plays an importment role tin the economy development of our country. Coal
power generation is approximately 70%. Utilizing bustion can provide power and
at the same time generates a lot of fly ash, which causes serious natural environmental
problem. Fly ash not only pollutes the air but also takes most land, and do deadly pollution
to water and earth. The deposit of fly ash in a long turn can be flushed by rain, which
results in the leaching of trace elements in it. Besides, the trace elements e rich
gradually in the function of food chains,enventually can be in the human body to do
damages.
First,the thesis collects sample in the station according to the practice,depicts the
formation mechanisms and the species of fly ash、the quantity and the hazards of the heavy
matels、the characteristic and the species ofleaching、the development of domestic and
overseas,and so on. bining the condition of the locale,collect the fly ash and the
other carry out the batch leaching and column leaching to the fly ash,and
use the ICP-AES to test the leaching liquor of the experiment.
Finally, according to the date of different sizes、different time、different leaching
methods,to analyze and discuss the leachability and the concentration of leachate of the
heavy matels in the fly ash,and pare Cr、Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Zn to open out the leaching