警察腐败及其道德制约机制研究.doc

警察腐败及其道德制约机制研究
摘要
警察腐败问题是各国刑事司法学界关注的焦点问题,科学的界定警察腐败的内涵是研究这一问题的关键。国内外学者从各自国家的警察体制出发提出了独到见解,可以说是各有千秋。国外学者的观点可概括为四种“学说”,即:警察以权谋私说、警察贪污受贿说、警察职业越轨行为说、警察非法行为说。国内学者对警察腐败内涵的界定分广义的界定和狭义的界定两种,二者的区别主要体现在两点:一点是对警察腐败的行为方式的认识不同,一点是对警察腐败范围的界定不同。综观国内外观点,笔者从腐败行为的主体、腐败行为的方式、腐败行为的目的、腐败行为的后果四要素出发,对警察腐败的内涵界定如下:警察腐败即人民警察滥用职权,谋取私利,严重损害国家和人民利益的行为。其具有腐败主体的特定性、腐败形式的多样性及社会危害的严重性三大特征。
任何社会现象的产生、发展都有其深刻的社会政治、经济、文化、思想、历史等方面的原因,警察腐败现象也不例外,就我国目前警察腐败严重化的态势而言,除了一般性原因外,更有其特定的时代性和中国特色。市场经济原则和规范的泛化是警察腐败的经济原因,警察管理体制的缺陷是警察腐败的制度原因,警察工作的特殊性是其腐败的职业原因,一些警察职业道德的缺失和道德人格的分裂是警察腐败的道德原因,警察不健康心理的存在是警察腐败的心理原因。
遏制警察腐败是一个严峻而艰巨的任务,长期以来我们仅重视制度、法律制腐,而忽视了道德制腐的巨大作用。实际上,道德制约对于警察腐败有着独到的作用机制:道德制约对于警察腐败具有能动作用;道德制约可以弥补法律、制度制约之局限;道德自律是反腐倡廉的最高境界。由此可见,道德制约对于遏制警察腐败功不可没。构建警察腐败的道德制约机制必须从以下七方面入手:完善警察职业道德规范体系;健全警察道德监控机制;完善警察道德评价机制;落实警察道德保障机制;加强警察的职业道德教育;培养警察的职业角色意识;养成警察的职业和生活操守。
关键词:警察腐败特征原因道德制约机制
Abstract
Police corruption is the focused problem, which criminal justice scholars in each country pay attention to. And the scientific definition of police corruption is the key to study the problem. domestic and foreign scholars put forward their own opions about police corruption, which have their own advantages, based on their own country’s police system. The foreign scholars’ viewpoint can be summarized as four kinds of theory, namely: the police abuse of power for personal interests, the police corruption and bribery, the behavior of police occupational deviance and the illegal acts of police while domestic define the meaning of police corruption in abroad and narrow sense, and the difference between the two is mainly embodied into points: one is the different recognization of the patterns of police corrupt behavior, and the other is the different definition of the scope of police corruption. Making prehensive survey of the domestic and foreign opinions, from four elements, namely, the main body, the way , the purpose and the consequence of corrupt behavior, the author define the meaning of police corruption as follows: police cor