1、熟悉非特异性免疫系统的组成和功能; 2、掌握特异性免疫和非特异性免疫功能的不同; 3、了解非特异性免疫系统分子和细胞之间的相互作用; 4、了解特异性免疫和非特异性免疫之间的相互关系; 5、了解吞噬细胞的杀伤机理。 Table 1 Non-specific Immunity Specific Immunity Response is antigen-independent Response is antigen-dependent There is immediate maximal response There is a lag time between exposure and maximal response Not antigen-specific Antigen-specific Exposure results in no immunologic memory Exposure results in immunologic memory Mechanisms of protection against infection and disease are diverse. Primarily they can be divided into two major categories: Non-specific or innate immunity Specific or adaptive immunity . The differences between the two types of immunity are shown in Table 1. 免疫分为非特异性或天然免疫( Non-specific or innate immunity ) 特异性或获得性免疫( Specific or adaptive immunity ) 天然免疫( Innate Immunity ) 获得性免疫( Adaptive Immunity ) 抗原非依赖性( antigen-independent ) 立即( immediate )达到最大反应无抗原特异性抗原依赖性( antigen-dependent ) 无免疫记忆产生免疫记忆抗原特异性达到最大反应时间滞后( lag time ) 识别特有的模式分子( pattern )识别生物分子( Macromolecules ) The differences between the two types of immunity 天然免疫( innate immunity ) 动物机体与生俱有的抵御微生物或者外来异物侵袭的能力。屏障( Anatomical barriers ): 物理:皮肤黏膜, 化学:体表分泌物正常菌群( normal flora): 数量:10 11/g功能细胞 ( ponents ):皮肤黏膜上皮细胞吞噬细胞 NK 细胞可溶性分子( Secretory molecules ): 补体、细胞因子、酶等 Table 2. Physico -chemical barriers to infections an ponent Effector Mechanism Skin Squamous cells; Sweat Desquamation; flushing, organic acids GI tract Columnar cells Peristalsis, low pH, bile acid, flushing, thiocyanate Lung Tracheal cilia Mucocialiary elevator, surfactant Nasopharynx and eye Mucus, saliva, tears Flushing, lysozyme Circulation and ans Phagocytic cells NK cells and K-cell LAK Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Direct and antibody dependent cytolysis IL2-activated cytolysis Serum Lactoferrin and Transferrin Iron binding Interferons Antiviral proteins TNF-alpha antiviral, phagocyte activation Lysozyme Peptidoglycan hydrolysis Fibronectin Opsonization and plement Opsonization , enhan
