禁忌语-课件（PPT·精·选）.ppt

About Taboos About Taboos The Origin of Taboos Abstract of Taboos Aspects of Taboos Conclusion Origin of Taboos ?禁忌语( Taboos )发源于波利尼亚汤加语,意思是“需要极端注意的事情”,也可以被写作 tabu 或者是 tapu. 18 世纪,英国水手 James Cook 第一个注意到了汤加语中禁忌语的习俗, 然后把这个单词带到了英语.?禁忌英语 taboo, 原义为“神圣”,“不许触摸”的意思。 Origin of Taboos Taboo is interpreted as “ (in certain culture) ban or prohibition on something that is regarded for religious or other reasons as not to be done, touched, used ” --- Oxford Advanced Learners ’ English-Chinese & Chinese- English Dictionary Abstract of Taboos Taboo is mon social-cultural phenomenon, which often encountered by us in our daily life, especially in the intercultural communication activities. And taboos is a linguistic phenomenon that full of specialties of local or social dialect. Besides, it ’ s usually concerns with religious, daily language, discrimination, privacy or others. Aspects of Taboos 一、禁亵渎性词语※ In the western, people think it ’ s offensive to talk about God in their munication and they are cautious enough not to talk of Devil. 上帝的名字 Jehovah God → Godfrey 基督 Jesus Christ → Caesar ’ Crutch, the good man , god of this world ※ In the eastern, especially in China, we usually show great respect and reverence to God/Deity. However, it ’ s too normal for us to speak ghost. “牛鬼蛇神”,“妖魔鬼怪”,“鬼东西”,“扮鬼脸”?另外,在中国的封建社会,皇帝的名字,甚或与皇帝的名字同音或同形的字都在禁忌之列。如中国的秦始皇名“嬴政”,为避其“政”名,一年的“正月”被该为“端月”?宋朝知州一官吏名“田登”,为避其“登”字,下令百姓不能说“点灯”,而说“放火”,因此有“只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯”之说。?在中国信仰佛教和道教的人都是忌妄言的.“妄言”所谓就是胡说、乱说、说假话。同时中国人受儒家思想影响较深。孔孟之道崇尚礼仪, 要求人们在社交活动中言语适度, 不可妄言或者信口开河、不着边际。二、禁辱骂性词语辱骂性语言在英语中属于淫秽性语言(obscene language) ,也可以说是脏话(dirty words) ,常常是人们避讳的。如 For Christ's sake! ( 为了基督! ) God damned! ( 神啊,受诅咒吧! ) Oh, damn it! ( 诅咒它吧! )还有用动物的名称来骂人的,如骂某人为 cow, swine( 猪猡), pig , stallion , bitch (母狗)等汉语中,骂人的话与宗教关系不大,往往与动物联系比较多,特别是与狗的联系较多。如“看门狗”、“狗东西”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗急跳墙”、“狗仗人势”、“蝇营狗苟”等。?在如, 在西方,狗被认为是人类最好的朋友, 人们通常将狗作为宠物来养, 因此西方人对于吃狗肉十分反感。“ dog ”在英语中虽有时含有贬义, 但