PLANT BREEDING 10 倍性育种.ppt

CHAPTER10PLOIDYBREEDING倍性育种BYNiuYingze(牛应泽):§1PolyploidyinPlants植物的多倍性PloidyChrom’sGenomeHaploid1n1x,2x,3x…monoploid1n1xDiploid2n2x,4x,6x…Polyploid>3x>3xTypesofPolyploidsinPlantsEuploidsAutopolyploids–Triploid3x,Tetraploid4x,Pentaploid5x,…(2x,3x,4x,5xx=12);Sweetpotato(2n=6x,90)Allopolyploid–Tetraploid4x,Hexaploid6x,Octaploid8x,…(3x,seedless)Autoallopolyploid–Pentaploid5x,Hexaploid6x,…(6x=42,AAAABB)AneuploidsMonosomic(2n-1)Nullisomic(2n-2)Trisomic(2n+1)Tetrasomic(2n+2)>50%%ingrasses(-1,-173)NaturalOriginationEgg(2n)+Pollen(n)TriploidTetraploid(unreduced)(reduced)(selfing,backcrossing)monWheat(TriticumaestivumL.)EvolutionofBrassicaCrops(TheU’sTriangle))Giantnessb)Lowfertilityc),4xgrapeBigfruits,ontent3xwatermelonBigfruit,seedless3xazalea杜鹃花Bigflower,longperiodofflowering§(1)PhysicalInduction(temperature,injury,irradiation)(2)PhysicalInduction(秋水仙素)(3)SexualCross(=3x)(4)EndospermCulture(5)(1)DirectIdentificationCytologicalobservation:roottip/stemtip(2)IndirectIdentificationGiantnessinthepolyploidplants-leaf-flower-fruit,seed-chloroplast-storma-pollens