PLANT BREEDING 03 植物繁殖方式与育种.ppt

CHAPTER3MODESOFREPRODUCTIONANDPLANTBREEDING植物繁殖方式与育种BYNiuYingze(牛应泽)Breeding植物的繁殖方式与育种§1ModesofReproductioninPlants植物的繁殖方式SexualReproductionModesofPollination:(1)Self-pollinatedplants(2)Cross-pollinatedplants(3)Oftencross-pollinatedplantsProcessofreproductionInPlants(Doublefertilization)AsexualReproduction(1)VegetativeReproduction营养繁殖Root,stem,leaves,tuber,……(2)Apomixis无融合生殖Haploidgametophyteapomixis(单倍配子体)Diploidgametophyteapomixis(二倍体配子)Adventitiousembryo(不定胚))Studythefloralstructure研究花器结构2)Artificialselfing人工自交3)ictestingofrateofout-crossing异交率测定Rate=(F1显性性状植株数/F1总植株数)×100%4)Divisionofreproductionmodesbasedontherateofout-crossing不同繁殖方式的异交率ModesofPollination:Percentageofout-crossing(1)Self-pollinatedplants<1-4%(2)Cross-pollinatedplants>51%(3)Oftencross-pollinatedplants5-50%ReproductionModesinMajorCropsSelf-pollinatedcrops(rice,wheat,soybean,pea)Cross-pollinatedcrops(cotton,rape,sorghum)Oftencross-pollinatedcrops(maize,herm,sunflower)VegetativelyPropagatedCrops(sweetpotato,potato,sugarcane,garlic)Self-pollinatedplants(Rice)icallypurelineormixtureofpurelinesLittleinbreedingdepressionBreedingMethodsSelectionbreedingHybridizationHeterosisEasyseedproduction§2ReproductionModes,haracteristicsandBreedingMethodsinPlants植物繁殖方式与遗传特点Cross-pollinatedplants(maize,Rye,Herm)haracteristicsHeterogeneouspopulationHeterozygousplantsBigInbreedingdepressionBreedingMethodsHeterosis(Inbred-linehybrids)SeedMultiplicationIsolated