PLANT BREEDING 07 杂种优势育种.ppt

Chapter7BREEDINGFORHETEROSIS杂种优势育种BYNiuYingze(牛应泽)§1UtilizationofHeterosisinPlantProduction杂种优势在生产上的利用WhatisPlantHeterosis?,1400yearsago,ChinaPlantsTheEmergentPeriodKolreuter(1761-1766):o,Darwin(1860’s):HybridmaizevigorMendel(1860’s):Pea,hybridvigorMaize:Beal(1876):VarietalmaizehybridsTheFoundationPeriodMaize:Shull(1905-09);East(1908):Inbredlines-SinglecrossShull(1914):ThetermHETEROSISforhybridvigorJones(1918)::PioneerHi-BredCornConpanyTheDevelopmentPeriodMaize:1920-1960’sDoublecross/Three-waycross/hum:Three-linehybrid;Useofcms-System,1950’sRice:HeteroticHybridrice,three-linesystemTheFatherYuanLongping,1964-1972Rape:HybridRapeseed,three-ypes;TheFatherLiDianrong:The1sthybridrapevarietyThePioneerFuTingdong:ThePolimacmsOtherCrops::1)vegetative,2)productive3)-119(1)Mid-parentheterosis(2)Over-parentheterosis(3)Over-standard(Overcheckheterosis)(4)(1)Multiple-characterPhenomenon(2)icDifference(3)RelatedtoParentalHomozygosity(4)EnvironmentDependent(5)§icBasisofHeterosisDdEeF110+10+5+5+10=405+5+10+10+5=3510+10+10+10+10=50F1>P1,-dominanceHypothesisP1a1a1b1b1c1c1d1d1e1e1xa2a2b2b2c2c2d2d2e2e2P2a1a2b1b2c1c2d1d2e1e2F1(12)(10)(20)where:a1a2>a1a1,a2a2;b1b2>b1b1,b2b2…