CHAPTER 11 MUTATION BREEDING 诱变育种 BY Niu Yingze (牛应泽) Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering Class Test 3 Translate the following terms Homogeneous and homozygous Cultivars 同质纯合型品种 Homogeneous and heterozygous Cultivars 同质杂合型品种 Heterogeneous and homozygous Cultivars 异质纯合型品种 Heterogeneous and heterozygous Cultivars 异质杂合型品种 Pure line cultivars 纯系品种 Hybrid cultivars 杂交品种(杂交种) Population cultivars 群体品种 Clonal cultivars 无性系品种 Conventional Cultivars 常规品种 Synthetic Cultivars 综合品种(综合种) Multi-line cultivars 多系品种 (Think them over after class) Class Test (2) Explanation of Concepts: Natural selection (适应自然环境条件的个体被保存下来) Artificial selection (适应人类需要的个体被保存下来) Individual selection (以单株为单位进行选择) Bulk selection (Mass selection) (将选择优良单株混合种植进行鉴定) Group bulk selection (将选择的优良单株按一定的重要性状进行分类,在类内进行混合选择) §1 The Concept and Characteristics of Mutation Breeding 诱变育种的概念和特点 Concept of Mutation Breeding Mutation Breeding / Induced mutation breeding: p. 183 Types of Mutation: Natural mutation (spontaneous mutation): By cosmic/UV rays Artificial mutation (By artificial mutagens) Chemical Mutation (By chemical mutagens) Physical Mutation (By physical mutagens) The Founder of Mutation Breeding 1895 Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen discovered X-rays 1896 Henri Bequerel discovered irradiation of uranium 1897 Pierre and Marie Curie isolated radium irradiation 1904 De Vries suggested the use of radiation to induce mutations 1927 H. J. Muller mutated Drosophila (first use in animals) 1928 L. J. Studler mutated barley (first use in plants) 1946 Auerbach and Robson discovered mutagenic chemicals like mustard gas 3) Types of mutagens a) Physical X-rays Gamma-rays Ultraviolet rays -rays (-particles) Neutrons Particles from accelerators b) Chemical Base analogues and pounds Alkylating agents Azides Nitrous acid Hydroxylamines Antibiotics 2. The characteristics of Mutation Breeding 3. Achievements of Mutation Breeding a. Worldwide(1990): 1030 varieties b. In China(1989): 325
