延续性动词与非延续性动词与其转换.docx

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
. 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 ,如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk,
keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有

: ⑴

for+一段时间

,

如 ：for 2 years; ⑵ since从
句 , 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词 , 如 since last year, since 5 days ago. 例 :
He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days.
. 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、 瞬间动词 , 表示不能延续的动作 ,这种动作发生后立即结束。如 : open, die, close, begin,finish, come, go,move, borrow, lend,
buy 等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如： two years ago; at 5
o'clock;
: He died 5 years ago.
三 .延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：
例： He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.
这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是 5 分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词 改为延续性动词。
下面是一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词，须牢记。
leave --- be away,
borrow --- keep,
buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead,
finish --- be over,
join --- be in+组织机构 , be a member of+组织机构 ,
open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill,
get up---be up,
catch a cold --- have a cold,
come here --- be here,
go there --- be there,
become --- be, come back --- be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),
leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know,
go (get) out → be out，
put on→ wear；
catch a cold → have a cold等。
练习 :