2021高考英语语法知识点总结 2021高考英语语法知识点总结 2021高考英语语法知识点总结第一章 主谓一致 主谓一致是指: 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式和谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要和谓语的单复数形式一 致。 3) 就近标准,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 通常来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。比如: There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。 比如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. ,比如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很主要。 注意:当主语由and连结时,假如它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一 人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。比如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我 们的生活有主要意义。 经典例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先 排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人, 但仔细分辨,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前 加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这么本题主语为一个人,因此应选B。 2. 主谓一致中的靠近标准 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应和最邻近的主语保 持一致。比如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一 把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。 2)当either... or... 和neither... nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词和最邻 近的主语保持一致。假如句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语 通常也和最邻近的主语一致。比如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和 纸。 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等 词组成的短语时,谓语动词和前面的主语部分一致。比如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师和一 些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go 。 4. 谓语需用单数的情况1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等组成的复合代词作主语时,或 主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。比如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人全部有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常见单数。比如: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭 是英语兴趣者熟悉的一本书。 3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些 名词看作一个整体,谓语通常用单数。比如: Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用