全球疫情后经济复苏是否够“绿”.docx

CONTENT
FOREWORD 1
ABSTRACT 3
INTRODUCTION 4
THE 2020 STORY OF GLOBAL COVID SPENDING 6
The economy is on a ventilator 6
Understanding impacts before the money leaves the purse 9
Fifteen trillion dollars in 2020 10
How green are we? 15
GREEN ENERGY 19
Benefits: high multipliers, private investment, economy-wide decarbonisation, and more 19
Announced investment: 66bn in green energy 20
Emerging policy opportunities 22
GREEN TRANSPORT 24
Benefits: jobs, air pollution, social impact, and more 24
Announced investment: 86bn in green transport 25
Emerging policy opportunities 26
GREEN BUILDING UPGRADES & ENERGY EFFICIENCY 28
Benefits: rapid jobs, bill reductions, and more 28
Announced investment: 35bn in efficiency measures 29
Emerging policy opportunities 30
NATURAL CAPITAL 32
Benefits: low-training jobs, low imports, sustainable ecosystems and more 32
Announced investment: 56bn in natural capital 33
Emerging policy opportunities 34
GREEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 36
Benefits: seeding new industries, smoothing recovery, and more 36
Announced investment: 29bn in green R&D 37
Emerging policy opportunities 38
CONCLUSION 40
References 43
Appendix A: Global recovery spending 54
Appendix B: Country Information 56
Appendix C: COVID-19 impacts on public debt 57
ABSTRACT
A growing body of evidence, including Hepburn et al. (2020), suggests that green fiscal spending can deliver stronger economic returns than traditional spending alternatives. Additionally, studies show that well-designed green spending can counter the environmental crises of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, while also delivering significant social benefits. In response to COVID- 19, we find that the fifty largest economies announced in fiscal spending in 2020, of which (%) was for long-term economic recovery. But have spending patterns aligned with the Sustaina