表示动作中状态的词叫做动词.doc

动词: 1 )表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类, 分别是: 实义动词( Notional Verb )、系动词( Link Verb )、助动词( Auxiliary Verb )、情态动词( Modal Verb )。说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。( having 是实义动词。) He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。( has 是助动词。) 3) 根据能否充当谓语,分为谓语动词与非谓语动词 A .实义动词一. 实义动词: 根据其后是否带有宾语, 可分为两类, 分别是: 及物动词( Transitive Verb )、不及物动词( Intransitive Verb ),缩写形式分别为 vi.。说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌和跳舞。( sing 在此作不及物动词) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。( sing 用作及物动词) B .助动词 1) 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词( Auxiliary Verb )。被协助的动词称作主要动词( Main Verb )。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。( doesn't 是助动词,无词义; like 是主要动词,有词义) 2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如: (1) He is singing. 他在唱歌。(2) He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如: (1) Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗? (2) Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词 not 合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如: (1) e to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。(2) He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 3) 最常用的助动词有: be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 一. 助动词 be 的用法(主要变化形式: am, is, are , was , were , been ) 1) be+ 现在分词,构成进行时态,例如: They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 2) be+ 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如: The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 3) be+ have 的用法(主要变化形式: have , has , had ;动名词/ 现在分词: having ) 1) have + 过去分词,构成完成时态,例: He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月末为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。 2) have + been + 现在分词,构成完成进行时(现在完成时),例: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。 3) have+been + 过去分词,构成完成时态的被动语态,例: English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 do 的用法( 主要变化形式: do,did , done , does; 动名词/ 现在分词: doing) 1) 构成一般疑问句,例如: Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗? Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗? 2) do+ not 构成否定句,例如: I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the