Chapter 2 Basic word-formation pounding Derivation ? Derivation ,also called affixation ,is the process of forming new words by adding affixes to roots to add grammatical or lexical information to the roots concerned . ? The morphological structure of an English word :(Prefixes )+ root +(suffixes) prefixes root suffixes Prefixes and suffixes ? mis + understand =misunderstand 理解?u n + able =unable 不能的,不会的?c are + ful =careful 仔细的,细心的? Product + ive = productive 多产的, 丰富的 Prefixation Negative prefixes ? a- =not ,without ? .amoral adj .与道德无关的,非道德的? dis - =apart ,away ? v 丢掉,抛弃? In -= not ? . indecisive adj 优柔寡断的,缺乏信心的? Reversive (倒序的) prefixes ? de- =apart ,from ( 分离,除去)? . decode v. 译解(密码,电报等) ? un- = the reversal of an action ( 置于动词前,表示这个动词的相反动作)?u nmark v. 拿下面具,露出真相? Pejorative (轻蔑的,贬损的) prefixes ? mal - =badly ,ill 不好的 (maltreat ,malformed ) ? quasi- = partly ( 类似的,准的) quasi-contract ? pseudo - = flase (假的,冒充的) pseudonym ? Locative prefixes ? mid =middle . midnight ,mid-autumn ? Sub =under ,beneath . subway ,subsection ? Prefixes of time and order ? ex - =former . ex-wife ,ex-president ? fore -=before . foresight , forecoat ? number prefixes ? Bi - = two . bicycle ,bilingual ? Tri- =three ? Suffixation ? ation - =education ,realization ? Ment - = movement,development ? Al- =arrival ,refusal ? ee - =employee ,trainee ? er - =teacher ,worker ? or - =visitor ,sailor ? ness - = meanness,happiness ?i ty - =ability , posibility ? ism - =criticism. ? Adjective prefixes ?y - =windy ,rainy, sandy ? Ish -=foolish ? Some -=handsome ,troublesome ? Ous -=humorous ,dangerous ? Ful -= helpful,peaceful ? Verb prefixes ? Ify -=simplify ,beautify ? Ize -=realize ? En -=widen ,sharpen Word class changed N ---v ? length + en=lengthen ? Hospital + ize =hospitalize ? N--- adj ? Fool+ish =foolish ? Speech+less =speechless ? V---n ? Work+er
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