语法补充动词不定式.ppt

语法补充动词不定式 survival of the fittest 适者生存贵阳市乌当中学高力超一、动词不定时的用法要点(一)作主语 1. 不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用 it作形式主语。 To see is to believe. It is not east to learn English well . 2. 不定式的复合结构作主语。例如: It is brave of you to do that. (= You are brave to do that.) It is easy for you to do that . (=For you to do that is easy.) (1) 下列表示人物特征的形容词同 of后的名词或代词关系密切,有意义上的主表关系, 常of与搭配: brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise, wrong, etc. 例如: It was very kind of you e to help me. = You were very kind e to help. (2) 下列表示事物性质的形容词同 for 后的名词或代词关系不密切,没有意义上的主表关系,但与句中的不定式结构关系密切,有意义上的主表关系,常与 for 搭配: easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, possible, difficult, etc. 例如: It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits . = For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard. (二)作宾语 1. 不定时做宾语时,往往跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish 等。 2. 动词不定式作动词 tell, show, explain, understand, teach, learn, advise, discuss 等词的宾语时,前面常带疑问词。即疑问词(how, when, where, what, who …) + to do. 例如: He showed us how to do the work. Please tell us what to do next. (三)定语 1. 作定语的不定时如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,: The Browns have fortable house to live in. 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time, place 或 way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去. 如: He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in). 2. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受着时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,: Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式 to send 的动作执行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要 (我或别人)寄的东西吗?不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”. 3. 用不定式作定语的几种情况: 不定式表将来: I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如: He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win th