语言学考试范围.docx

Front vowel [ i:][i][e][ A][ B] central vowel [ \:][ E][ Q] back vowels [ u:][ J][ C:][ C][α:] Close vowel [ i:][i][ u:][ J] Semi-close vowel [e][ \:] Semi-open vowels[ E][ C:] Open vowels[ A][ B][ Q][ C ][ B:] Stop ( Plosive ) 塞音(爆破音) [b] [p] [t] [d] [k] [g] Nasal 鼻音[m][n] [?] Fricative 擦音[f] [v] [θ] [s] [z][∫][З] Approximant 中通音[j] [r] [w] Lateral 边通音[l] Trill 颤音[r] Tap and Flap 触音 Affricate 塞擦音[t∫] [dЗ] Closed words : their membership is fixed or limited. . pro. prep. conj. art. etc. Open-class words : whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited. . n. v. adj. adv. . regarding / with regard to; throughout, in spite of 1. The fact that there is no intrinsic connection between the word “ pen ” and the thing we write with indicates language is ______. A. arbitrary B. rule-governe . combined D. illogical 2. We can understand and produce an infinitely large number of sentence including sentences we never heard before, because language is _____. A. creative B. arbitrary C. understandable D. unique 3. ______ means language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. A. Duality B. Displacement C. Creativity D. Arbitrariness 4. By ____ function people establish and maintain their status in society. A. experiential B. referential C. metalingual D. interpersonal 5. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human