叙事学视阈下的毕淑敏小说.pdf

摘要当代女作家毕淑敏在小说创作中,不断地进行艺术探索,采用多种叙事策略,传达着对生与死的思考,体现了深厚的生命意识。本文以叙事学理论为指导,探讨毕淑敏小说中的叙事技巧及其产生的美学效果。毕淑敏在小说中运用多元化的叙事视角,表现丰富的艺术世界。既有零聚焦全知视角,聚焦广阔的社会生活,使其作品显得大气磅礴; 也有第三、第一人称的内聚焦限知视角,以限制性的目光注重人物内心的细腻与微妙,并营造空白与悬念,引发读者深入地思考;还尝试使用了纯客观的外聚焦叙事模式,从外部呈现人物与事件,保留了现实生活的原生性。在叙事时间方面,毕淑敏注重跳跃与延伸的时间建构。她运用闪回、闪前的技巧,形成“跳跃性”的时序,避免了情节的平铺直叙, 使故事起伏跌宕;在时态上“过去”与“现在"不断地循环交替,从而有效地延伸故事时间,扩展故事内容;通过场景描绘、联想回顾、景物描写、特殊心理感受等方式减缓叙事节奏;采用概括叙述、单一叙述、多重叙述等方式,或形成强调意味,或有意营造某种特殊的氛围。在叙事语言方面,毕淑敏形成了冷静、智性的艺术表达。她在创作中大胆地揉进医学、心理学语言进行专业化叙述,还利用语域之间的不协调,大词小用,营造出幽默诙谐的气氛;她巧妙地运用比喻、拟人、通感等修辞手法,极富感染力地展示语言的艺术性;还通过展万方数据开议论的形式,以其精辟的语言表达着灵性的思想和智慧的哲理。毕淑敏运用了多种叙事技巧,以精彩的故事作为载体,承载着她关于生命与人性的思考,传达着浓厚的人文主义情怀,显示了十分丰沛的思想含量。关键词:毕淑敏小说;叙事学;视角;时间;语言万方数据 ABSTRACT BiShumin,as acontemporary female writer,not only constantly explores artand uses avariety ofnarrative strategy in thenovel creation, butalsoconveys thethoughts on lifeand death,reflecting theprofound thenarrative theory as guidance,analyzing the text of thenovel,we discuss the narrative techniques and itsaesthetics effectin BiShumin’S novels. BiShumin uses the wide ranges of narrative point ofview inher novels,showing from theperspective of zero focalization omniscient vision,focusing on broad social life,makes the works more grand andmagnificent;the thirdand thefirstperson limited perspective toinner focus,uses thelimiting eyes focus on people’S inner delicate and subtle,and creates ablank and suspense,having caused the readers tothink deeply;external focalization mode purely objective is alsoapplied topresent thecharacters and events from outside,reserving reallifeand original nature. Innarrative time,Bi Shumin concerns thetime construction ofjump and uses flashbacks and flash forward skills,forming ”timing isjumping”;avoid the plot ofthestory telling in a simple. straightforward way,making thestoriesup and thetense,the past tense”and the“present tense”constantly in an alternating cycle, 1II 万方数据 extends story time and expan