过去式变化规则.doc

-
. z.
(regretted, regretting) 懊悔
2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制
3. aar—tore
tell—told
think—thought
throw—threw
U
understand—understood
undertake—undertook
W
wake—woke / waked
wear—wore
weep—wept
win—won
wind—wound
withdraw—withdrew
write—wrote
-
. z.
规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed〞构成，具体变化有：
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形一样。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
-
. z.
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
常见的不规则动词过去式、过去分词
〔一〕
〔1〕AAA型〔动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形〕
cost〔花费〕---- cost ---- cost shut 〔关上〕----shut ---- shut
cut〔割〕---- cut ----cut read 〔读〕 ---- read ---- read[e]
hit〔打〕---- hit ----hit hurt 伤害〕 ---- hurt ---- hurt
let〔让〕 ---- let ----let put〔放〕 ---- put ---- put
(2) AAB型〔动词原形与过去式同形〕
beat〔跳动〕---- beat ---- beaten
(3)ABA型〔动词原形与过去分词同形〕
bee〔变成〕---- became ----bee e〔来〕---- came ----e
run〔跑〕 ---- ran---- run
(4) ABB型〔过去式与过去分词同形〕
-
. z.
dig〔挖〕 ---- dug ----dug
build〔修建〕---- built ---- built
get〔得到〕 ---- got ----got/gotten
catch 〔抓住〕---- caught---- caught
hang〔吊死〕---- hanged ---- hanged
deal 〔处理〕---- dealt ----dealt
hang〔悬挂〕 ---- hung ---- hung