小学英语语法汇总.doc

小学英语语法汇总(一) 可数名词与不可数名词“分家”一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如 worker, farmer, desk, factory 等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如 people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如 meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念, 如 work, homework, time, health, friendship 等)。二、可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下: -s。如: book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days ,ss, ch, sh, x结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如: bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes "辅音字母+y" 结尾的名词,要先将 y改为 i再加-es 。如: city → cities body → bodies factory → factories 等等。 fe结尾的名词,要将 f或 fe改为 v再加-es 。如: half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。] ① child → children ② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律: man → men) ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话: 初中英语以 o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es ,其余的当然加-s喽!如: photo → photos ]④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话: oo 变成 ee 。]⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese 单、复数同形[悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。] ⑥ people 单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people 的复数形式 peoples 通常指"多个民族"。三、不可数名词的家务事 ,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如: The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。 ,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如: water (水)→ waters (水域) orange (橘汁)→ oranges (橘子) ,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如: fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some________(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 4. There isa lot of________(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five________(people ) in his family. 6. Let's take________(photo), OK? have lots of________(tomato) here. 8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their________(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white________(hair). 12. They are________(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles