太阳系的演化.ppt

太阳系的演化
第1页，共61页，编辑于2022年，星期五
太阳系天体
行星 Planets : the big bodies orbiting the Sun
矮行星dwarf planets: can have their n (according to orbit size)
Comets
(>1500 with well
known orbits)
Long
Period (LP)
Short
Period (SP)
New
Returning
Jupiter
family
Halley
type
T>200 y
T<200 y
T<20 y
T>20 y
a>10000 AU
a<10000 AU
第12页，共61页，编辑于2022年，星期五
Planet
distance
eccentricity
Orbit
Inclination to Ecliptic
Equatorial
Inclination
To Orbit
Mercury




Venus




Earth


0

Mars




Ceres



Jupiter




Saturn




Uranus




Neptune



29
Pluto


17

Main Asteroid belt
2-
Kuiper belt
30-50AU
Oort cloud
3000-100,000AU
第13页，共61页，编辑于2022年，星期五
自转方向多数和轨道一致; 类木行星自转快
第14页，共61页，编辑于2022年，星期五
太阳系天体的轨道特征
除Pluto之外基本在一平面
轨道基本上是圆的，除了水星和Pluto之外
轨道方向和太阳自转方向一致
行星的自转方向和轨道基本同向
小天体主要分布在主小行星带(火星和木星之间)和Kuiper带(Neptune之外)
短周期彗星远日点和Kuiper带相接
第15页，共61页，编辑于2022年，星期五
行星分类
by composition:
Terrestrial(类地) or rocky planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars:
Composition: rock and metal
high densities, slow rotation, solid surfaces, no rings and few satellites.
Jovian(类木) or gas planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune:
Composition: primarily of hydrogen and helium
generally low densities, rapid rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and lots of satellites.
by size:
small planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
diameters less than 13000 km.
giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
diameters greater than 48000 km.
The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants.
第16页，共61页，编辑于2022年，星期五
行星分类
by position relative to the Sun:
inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner solar system and the outer solar sy