外文文献.doc

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外文文献
地下建筑结构
院(系)别　
专 业　
届 别　age of materials, pollution prevention, especially for energy conservation as well. In the city planned the construction of underground construction, urban land use for savings, lower building density, to improve urban transportation, the expansion of green space, reduce urban pollution and improve the quality of urban life, etc., can play an important role. Underground construction also has shortcomings, such as construction costs are high, the construction complicated.
A Brief History of the development of underground ancient times, humans have been anti-years use of natural caves, and shelter to escape the beast. Zhoukoudian in China found that more than 50 million years ago, Peking Man lived in caves in the natural. According to Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture found in archaeological sites, to prove that since 7000 ~ 5000 years ago, began living dug caves, from the simple bag-shaped to round or square semi-crypt, above the roof of a simple. Later, the beginning of the construction of housing on the ground, cave gradually ceased to be the main mode of living human beings. However, the ancient tombs on the ground in accordance with the construction method in underground construction. Some grain is also built in the ground, such as the Sui Dynasty in Luoyang warehouse containing Kerry. Northwest China, North China Loess Plateau region, as a result of excavation loess and climate-friendly dry cave tradition continues to this day. Estimated that there are still more than 35 million population live in the cave.
After the industrial revolution, as a result of mining and the development of transport, mines, roadways, highways, tunnels, railway tunnels have been built. London, England in 1863 into a city of the world's first underground railway. During World War II, the protection of underground construction in the superiority of attention