修辞学反语暗讽辛辣讽刺Session8.ppt

Review
Euphemism
Definition: Euphemism is a figure of speech by using elegant words or expressions to replace the offensive or unpleasant ones.
用文雅、温和的词语来指称令人不快、粗俗或者不宜直陈的事物,避免尴尬或不快。
传统委婉语(traditional euphemism)
文体委婉语(stylistic euphemism)
death, old age, disease, disability, sex, pregnancy, urinate or defecate, religion
appearance, profession, economy, politics...
In Advertisement
hides problem skin 遮瑕
helps soothe problem skin
帮助舒缓问题皮肤
acne ['æknɪ]
freckle
coarse
foundation
In News
作为大众传播的工具,媒体在报道时,往往会顾虑到自己的地位和身份,尽量使用文雅、隐晦的字眼。
Last week it introduced toute la France to a lovely young woman named Mazarine who is, according to journalist and author Philippe Alexdre, Mitterand(密特朗)'s 20-year-old enfant d'amour.(Time)
Practices
Can you guess the meaning?
“Mrs. Jones”
eating for two
vision engineer
administrative assistant
capital punishment
air operation
special students
in one's birthday suit
toilet
pregnant
optician(眼镜商)
secretary
death
air attack
disabled students
naked
motion fort bag _________________
mis-informed __________________
pre-owned vehicles _____________
tough questioning ___________________
correctional facility ___________________
have gone to a better place ______
vomit bag
cheated
used car
torture
prison
dead
Understatement and Euphemism
Similarity:两种辞格都包含使语言温和礼貌的功能。
Differences:
。与文化禁忌相关。
2. 委婉语的结构更为固定, 不少委婉语为固定搭配。 . kick the bucket
3. 低调陈述也经常用于表达强调(明抑暗扬)或讽刺,而委婉语经常用于避讳、恭维、粉饰或掩盖事实。
Exercise 1: Below are statements containing hyperbole, understatement or euphemism. Identify them.
Only a wizard could remember how many times I answered the telephone that day.
attention must be paid to the under-achievers in the class.
3. The exam results weren’t too bad–not many failed.