词汇学Chapter2.ppt

Chapter two
The Development of the English Vocabulary
Contents of today’s lecture
Indo-European Language Family
History of the development of English vocabulary
General characteristics
Foreign elements in the English language
Growth of contemporary English vocabulary
Modes of the development of modern English vocabulary
The Indo-European language Family
3000 (some say 5000) languages in the world
3000—300 language families
The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.
近东,一个政治地理术语,一般是相对中东,远东地区而言的概念,指距离西欧较近的国家和地区,是欧洲人指亚洲西南部和非洲东北部地区,但伊朗、阿富汗除外。近东通常指地中海东部沿岸地区。包括非洲东北部和亚洲西南部,有时还包括巴尔干半岛。
,"远东"系指离西欧最远的亚洲东部地区,包括中洋沿岸地区,习惯上有时也把东南亚各国归到远东之列。
“中东”概念究竟包括哪些国家和地区,国内外尚无定论,但一般泛指西亚,北非地区,约24个国家。传统上的“中东”一般说来包括巴林、埃及、伊朗、伊拉克(专题,图库)、以色列、约旦、科威特、黎巴嫩、阿曼、卡塔尔、沙特、叙利亚、阿联酋和也门,巴勒斯坦,塞浦路斯,土耳其。而广义上的中东则还包括了阿富汗、利比亚、苏丹、突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥、毛里塔尼亚、索马里、吉布提、科摩罗。其中,除以色列、塞浦路斯外,都是伊斯兰国家。而在这些中东伊斯兰国家中,土耳其、伊朗和阿富汗为非阿拉伯国家。
The languages in this family fall into 10 principal groups, which fall into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian, and Albanian; and a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, Germanic, Hittite, and Tocharian.
All these languages are important to English to a greater or lesser extent since each has lent words into the English language.
Three Phases of the Historical Development
1. Old English (450-1150)
Romans invaded the British Isles and occupied till about 410.
After the withdrawal of Romans, Anglos, Saxons and Jutes came.
Old English=Anglo-Saxon
① Old English has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000 words with a few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian