重庆大学 理论力学.ppt

重庆大学 理论力学.pptDebating
Debate Rules and Suggestions
Avoid the use of Never.
Avoid the use of Always.
Refrain from saying you are wrong.
You can say your idea is mistaken.
Don't disagree with obvious truths.
Attack the idea not the person.
Use many rather than most.
Use some rather than many.
The use of often/generally allows for exceptions.
Quote sources and numbers
If it is just an opinion, admit it.
Do not present opinion as facts.
Smile when disagreeing.
You do not need to win every battle to win the war.
Concede minor or trivial points
Watch your tone of voice.
Keep your perspective - You're just debating.
REBUTTAL
In debating each team will present points in favour of their case. They will also spend some time criticising the arguments presented by the other team. This is called rebuttal.
1. Logic - to say that the other side is wrong is not enough. You have to show why the other side is wrong. This is best done by taking a main point of the other side's argument and showing that it does not make sense.
2. Pick the important points - try to rebut the most important points of the other side's case. You will find that after a while these are easier and easier to spot. One obvious spot to find them is when the first speaker of the other team outlines briefly what the rest of the team will say. But do not rebut those points until after they have actually been presented by the other team.
TECHNIQUES : THE INDIVIDUAL SPEAKER.
There are three main techniques that each speaker can use in their speech
CONCEPT : MATTER.
Matter is what you say. You should divide your matter into arguments and examples. An argument is a statement "The topic is true (or false depending on which side you are on) because of x", where the argument fills in for the x . For example in the topic "That the zoos should be closed" an argument may be: "the zoos should be closed because they confine the animals in an unnatural environment".
An example is a fact or piece of evidence which supp