夏代陶器的审美特征.doc

夏代陶器的审美特征.doc夏代陶器的审美特征
摘要:夏代先民在新石器时代红陶、彩陶、黑陶等制陶工艺的基础上,开创了我国早期陶器艺术中的“灰陶时代”。夏代灰陶,在造型上丰富多样,大量的炊器、食器、储盛器和酒器,兼具实用功能和审美价值,且二者搭配和谐、相得益彰,实现了先民自觉的审美追求;在纹饰上主要为绳纹、篮纹和附加堆纹,还杂有一些极富想象力的动物纹,乃至理性精神十足的文字刻符,深化了陶器深层的审美意蕴。多样的造型和独特的纹饰,形成了夏代灰陶幽冷神秘而又庄严沉重的艺术风格,并且在其不同历史阶段中和不同方国间,呈现出鲜明的时代性和地域性差异。
关键词:夏代陶器造型纹饰幽冷庄重时代性地域性
Abstract: Our ancestors in Xia dynasty created the grey ceramic era of earlier Chinese earthenic craft of red pottery, painted pottery and black pottery and so on in Neodeling. Massive utensils in cooking, eating, storing and drinking have both practical function and esthetic value, and they match harmoniously, bring out the best in each other, ainly rope-like decoration, basket-like decoration and attached heaped decoration, mixed some extremely rich imagination about the animal-like decoration, and even the rich rational and spiritual bol, odeling and the unique decorative design, forming the mystical, cool, grave and serious artistic style of Xia dynasty’s grey pottery. It unfold the bright era and regional difference in its different historical stage and tribe.
Key odeling; line-adorning; cool and grave; era; regional
陶器作为原始先民主要的炊煮和饮食用器,自发明后在很长时间内一直以实用为其主要特征,如新石器时代早期的老官台和裴李岗文化陶器主要以红陶为主,在器形上一般仅限于实用的罐、盆等,形式上未形成独立的审美特征。到了仰韶和半坡文化的彩陶时代,先民们才开始注重器形的设计和纹样的装饰,形式美感开始摆脱实用的束缚而得到相应的独立,凸显了陶器工艺的审美风格。至新石器时代晚期的良渚和龙山文化时代,蛋壳陶等黑陶工艺,在简洁古朴的造型和纹饰中贯注了先民们更多的情感力量和精神意念,进一步丰富了陶器的审美形式律和先民的审美想象力。经过新石器时代几千年的漫长积累,陶器工艺在夏代获