双重标准技术.ppt

Cognitive - Behaviour Therapy (CBT) 认知行为治疗
——The double standard technique
双重标准技术
Some history
The ‘cognitive’ psychotherapies can be said to have begun with Alfred Adler, one of Freud’s inner circle. Adler disagreed with Freud’s idea that the cause of human emotionality was ‘unconscious conflicts’, arguing that thinking was a more significant factor.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy has its modern origins in the mid 1950’s with the work of Albert Ellis, a clinical psychologist.
The second major cognitive psychotherapy was developed in the 1960’s by psychiatrist Aaron Beck; who, like Ellis, was previously a psychoanalyst. Beck called his approach Cognitive Therapy (CT).
The term ‘Cognitive Behaviour Therapy’ came into usage around the early 1990’s, initially used by behaviourists to describe behaviour therapy with a cognitive flavour. In more recent years, ‘CBT’ has evolved into a generic term to include the whole range of cognitively-oriented psychotherapies.
What is Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy?(认识行为治疗)
Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is based on the concept that emotions and behaviours result (primarily,though not exclusively) from cognitive processes; and that it is possible for human beings to modify such processes to achieve different ways of feeling and behaving.
认知行为疗法是一组通过改变思维和行为的方法来改变不良认知,达到消除不良情绪和行为的心理治疗方法。
Theoretical basis (理论基础)
People contribute to their own psychological problems by the way they interpret events and situations.
人们的心理问题主要是由他们对事件和情况的解释而引起的。
“How an individual interprets life events plays a role in determining how he or she responds to those events (Beck, 1991).”
Common belief(普遍的想法):
Event (事件) → emotion(情绪)
Theory(理论) :
Event → belief → emotion
(事件) →(信念) →(情绪)
What are the distored beliefs? (歪曲了的认知)
All or nothing (全部或者什么都不要)
Overgeneralization(过度概括)
Mental filter(心理过滤)
Discounting the positive (贬低正面的事)
Jumping to conclusion :mind reading and fortune telling
(跳到结论:读心术、算命)
Magnification or minimization (放大或极小化)
Emotion