离散数学作业.ppt

Neck
The muscles of neck
Superficial group
Platysma 颈阔肌,a thin sheet-like muscle of facial expression
Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌
Suprahyoid muscles
Digastric 二腹肌
Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌
Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌
Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌
Elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible.
Infrahyoid muscle
Sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌
Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌
Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌
Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌
Depress hyoid or larynx after elevation
Deep group
Lateral
Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌
Scalenus medius 中斜角肌
Scalenus posterior 后斜角肌
Medial
longus capitis 头长肌
longus colli 颈长肌
Flex the head, bends the neck forward
Major muscles of the neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: manubrium and sternal end of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: contraction of one muscle draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both muscles act together to draw head backward
Scalenus anterior
Origin: transverse processes of C3-C6.
Insertion: tubercle for scalenus anterior
Action: unilateral, bends neck laterally; bilateral, elevate first rib, an accessory muscle of inspiration; if rib is fixed, flex neck anteriorly
Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙 Above the first rib, there is a triangular space between scalenus anterior and midius. The brachial plexus and the subclavine a. emerge from this space.
The arteries of neck
Common carotid artery 颈总动脉
Origin (arises from)
Brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Aortic arch on the left
Ascends in neck to upper border of thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries
Carotid sinus 颈动脉窦(baroreceptor), located at a localizes dilation of terminal part mon carotid artery or beginning of internal carotid artery, sensitive to blood pressure changes
Carotid glomus 颈动脉小球(chemoreceptor), lies posterior to the point of bifurcation mon carotid artery, senses changes in blood carbon dioxide (oxygen) levels
Branches of external carotid a.
Superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉-descends to supply upper pole of thyroid gland and larynx
Lingual a. 舌动脉
Facial a. 面动脉
Occ