外文原文
Experiments in Fluids 27 (1999) 339—350 Springer-Verlag 1999
Underflow of standard sluice gate
Roth, W. H. Hager
1. Introduction
Gates are a hydraulic structure that allows regulation of an upstream water elevation. Among a wide number of gate designs, the so-called standard gate with a vertical gate structure containing a standard crest positioned in an almost horizontal smooth rectangular channel has particular significance in low head applications. Surface roughness of both the channel and the gate is small and thus insignificant. Standard gates are used both in laboratories and in irrigation channels, large sewers or in hydraulic structures. Compared to overflow structures, or in particular to the sharp-crested weir, standard gates have received scarce attention. The knowledge is particularly poor regarding the basic hydraulics, whereas studies relating to vibration of these gates are available. The present project describes new findings on standard gate flow, involving: (1) Scale effects; (2) Coefficient of discharge; (3) Surface Ridge; (4) Features of shock waves; (5) Velocity field; (6) Bottom and gate pressure distributions; (7) Corner vortices; and (8) Vortex intensities. A novel device to reduce shock waves in the downstream channel is also proposed.
2. Present knowledge
The present knowledge on gates was recently summarized by Lewin (1995). There is a sho
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