团队与小组管理.ppt

Chapter 9 Work Team & Groups
Strategies for
essful Teams
Groups & Teams
Group - two or more people mon interests or objectives
Team - a small number of people plementary skills who mitted to mon mission, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable
Characteristics of a Well-Functioning, Effective Group
Relaxed, comfortable, informal atmosphere
Task well understood
& accepted
Consensus decision
making
People express feelings
& ideas
Conflict & disagreement center
around ideas or methods
Clear assignments made
& accepted
Members listen well
& participate
Group aware of its
operation & function
Group Behavior
Norms of behavior - the standards that a work group uses to evaluate the behavior of its members
Group cohesion - the “interpersonal glue” that makes members of a group stick together
Social loafing - the failure of a group member to contribute personal time, effort, thoughts, or other resources to the group
Loss of individuality - a social process in which individual group members lose self-awareness & its panying sense of accountability, inhibition, and responsibility for individual behavior
Group Formation
Formal groups - official or assigned groups gathered to perform various tasks
need ethnic, gender, cultural, and interpersonal diversity
need professional and geographical diversity
Informal groups - unofficial or emergent groups that evolve in the work setting to gratify a variety of member needs not met by formal groups
Stages of Group Formation
Mutual acceptance
Focus is on the interpersonal relations among the members
Decision making
Focus is on decision making activities related to tasks
Motivation & commitment
Focus on self- and group-motivation, execution, achievement
Control & sanctions
Focus on effective, efficient unit
Joining Groups
Security
Status
Self-Esteem
Affiliation
Power
Goal Achievement
Prestage 1
Stage I
Forming
Stage II
Storming
Stage III
Norming
Stage IV
Performing