(词汇学)Word_Formation.ppt

Ⅰ. Word FormationThere are three majorprocesses of word formation: derivation, compounding and conversion.(Ⅰ). Derivation: (派生)Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. Prefixes: The major living prefixes are classified into the following eight categories by their . “negative”prefixes (un-, non-, in-, dis-, a-, )eg: unkind (adj), untie (v), non-person (n), non-restrictive (adj), inability (n), plete (adj), impossible (adj), disadvantage (n), dislike (v), asexual (adj), abnormal (adj), abuse(v)2. “reversative”prefixes (un-, de-, dis-, )eg: uncover (v), unearth (v), fortable (adj), unlike (prep), deform (v), degrade (v), discover (v), discourage (v), dislike (v),3. “pejorative”prefixes (mis-, mal-, pseudo-, )eg: mistake (v), misunderstand (v), misfortune (n), maladjustment (n), malformation (n), maladminister (v), pseudo-science (n),pseudoclassic (a),4. “degree or size”prefixes (arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, ultra-, mini-, )eg: archbishop (n), arch-criminal (n), archenemy (n), supermarket (n), superpower (n), superfine (adj) outdo (v), outlive (v), outgo (v), subeditor (n), subdivide (v), subtitle (n), overdo (v), overbuy (v), overestimate (v), hypersonic (a), hypersensitive (a), hypertension (n), ultra-democracy (n), ultrarapid (a), ultrared (a), minibus (n), miniskirt (n), minigun (n), 5. “attitude”prefixes (co-, counter-, anti-, pro-, )eg: cooperate (v) 合作, coheir (n) 共同继承人,coexist (v) 共存,counterattack (n,v) 反击,counter-revolutionary (adj) 反革命的,anti-Japanese (adj) 抗日的,antiwa