中国农地流动与集体地权制度改革.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
中国农地流动与集体地权制度改革
姓名:杨果
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:西方经济学
指导教师:汪小勤
20041111
摘要
中国现行的集体产权制度下权利边界划分不清土地所有权主体定义模糊产
权权能残缺地权不稳定对土地使用权的限制土地交易权的限制导致农业经
济绩效的低下而共有产权制度固有的非排他性导致了公共决策限制和侵犯私人决
策因此无法从根本上解决农业效率低下的问题
在 80 年代农村市场经济环境不成熟的情况下通过对原有集体地权制度的改进
家庭联产承包责任制从实践上证明了小农经济比大农经济更适应中国的国
情能较好的提高农业经济绩效但在市场经济环境下受集体地权制度的制约
家庭承包制无法促进耕地资源配置的优化因此要提高耕地在农村范围内的可交易
性和可流动性必须改革现有的土地产权制度
此外随着近十年来城市化扩张和农村中小城镇发展农地在集体外部流动的
比例加大主要是农地被城市征用而在农村土地集体所有城市土地国家所有
的产权制度分隔下存在于农村土地和城市土地之间的巨额差价驱使农村基层政
府大规模圈地以及村集体的非法卖地并由此产生政府和官员的腐败以及大量
农民失地失业问题这同样表明现有的土地产权制度存在改革的必要
因此从解决农业内部土地流动效率和农村外部征地问题出发本文对几种土
地产权制度改革的思路进行了分析比较结合中国当前的国情认为国家所有
农户永佃的产权制度是比较可行的并且为保证以土地产权制度改革为核心的农
村经济政治体制改革能有序进行取得预期的效果要求在进行土地产权制度改
革的同时应该对农村的基层民主自治制度城乡土地市场征地制度等进行配套
改革


关键词集体地权家庭联产承包责任制农地流动永佃
I
Abstract
This thesis pointed out that there were several drawbacks in the existent collective
land system: the divisions of land property rights and the difinition of the ownership were
intangible and amphibolous,which caused the deformity of the property rights, the
instability of the ownership and the restraints for the usufruct or the trade property. All this
facts lead to an ineffecient performance of rural land. And the non-exclusive of the
community system resulted in the restraints and invades to personal decisions executed by
munity agents, thus the ineffecient performance of rural land in China couldn't be
resolved essentially .
In 1980's the rural China were in the initial stage of marsket economym,whereas the
primary collective land system were innovationed partly, though which the HRS was
proved to be more effecient than the farm-scaled cultivation. However, restrianed by the
current property rights arrangement, it is hard for the HRS to promote the allocative
effeciency of rural land in a mature market.
Additionally, there were numerous illegal land confiscate behaviors along with the
expansion of urban area, which mainly executed by local real reason f