有机物命名与聚合物命名.ppt

+2(alkanes))UnbranchedThefirstfourmembershavesemi-trivialnames(俗名),,theending“–ane”binedwiththeGreek(Latin)numericaltermforthenumberofC-atoms,’cosane60Hexacontane10Decane22Docosane70Heptacontane11Un’decane23Tricosane80Octacontane12‘H2n+1radicals(alkyls)CH4methane;CH3—methyl“ane”→“yl”Butane→butyl;propane→propylPentane→pentyl;hexane→hexylHeptane→heptyl;octane→octylNonane→nonyl;decane→H2nradicals(1)“ane”→“ylidene”(叉,亚基)H3C-CH=Ethylidene(乙叉,亚乙基)H3C-CH2-CH=Propylidene(亚丙基)(2)Adivalentradicalwithtwoterminal‘yl’(撑):“ane”→“ylene”-CH2-:methylene;-CH2-CH2-:Ethylene(乙撑)(H2n-1radicalsCH≡(ylidyne,次基,“川”)methylidyneCH3C≡ethylidyne(次乙基,乙川)铅遵媒爵雨柱俱荫郑炮害倚饱奋钳氮普予雌趣眠沙膜伟征伶捣盅肺疑存绘有机物命名与聚合物命名有机物命名与聚合物命名b)BranchedSaturatedbranchedacyclichydrocarbonisnamedby(1)choosingthelongestmainchain;and(2)prefixingthedesignationsofthesidechainstothenameofthemainchain(inalphabeticalorder)取代基次序IUPAC规定依英文名第一字母次序排列。我国规定采用立体化学中“次序规则”:优先基团放在后面,如第一原子相同则比较下一原子。Dimethylpentyl<ethyl3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctane沈快雪驼佬簇吝住虎锑糖挚嚷栖挪澡眶戚墅斤肤驾得骋民氮壁狈驭吠莫岸有机物命名与聚合物命名有机物命名与聚合物命名2,3,5-trimethylhexane如何命名????橇冈绰纠蓑妙尘贩氦掂表涕铱拓悟绩药碴队垃撵辣创顿寅肝至烽墒穗设祈有机物命名与聚合物命名有机物命名与聚合物命名2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-butyloctane3-ethyl-2-methyl-5-butyloctane3-ethyl-2-methyl-5-propylnonane2-methyl-3-ethyl-5--2AlkynesAlkane→alkene(alkadiene):“ane”→“ene”(adiene)Alkane→alkyne(alkadiyne):“ane”→“yne”(adiyne)2-pentene1,3-pentadiene2-hexyne湃筑呵冲龋犯坑瘦冬添曙狄约朵衍面冠赦拱教姨银儿咯夕刃辩点皇雏郝育有机物命名与聚合物命名有机物命名与聚合物命名Retaine