非物质文化遗产的法律保护初探.pdf

摘要摘要非物质文化遗产是人类代代相传的,与群众生活密切相关的反映人们智力成果的各种文化表现形式和文化空间。它是一个民族的文化精髓和文化基因。保护非物质文化遗产,是维护人权和保持人类文化多样性的必然要求。我国非物质文化遗产承载着中华民族的民族精神、民族性格和民族记忆,是中华民族灿烂文化发展长河的活力之源,保护我国的非物质文化遗产,是保存我国民族优秀文化和防止不当利用的必然选择。本文从分析非物质文化遗产的客体、范围和特征入手,针对国际上现有的非物质文化遗产的两种保护机制:公法保护机制和私法保护机制,提出非物质文化遗产具有智力成果性和可复制性的知识产权本质属性,是一种新型的知识产权。分析了传统知识产权制度对非物质文化遗产保护的可行性及其法律障碍,从而提出要创设一种特殊保护机制为非物质文化遗产提供有效保护,使发源地群体对非物质文化遗产权享有相应的权利,即非物质文化遗产权。本文迸~步分析了非物质文化遗产权的权利主体及其与相关权利主体的异同,以及这些权利主体享有的人身权和财产权内容,并且根据非物质文化遗产与传统知识产权的诸多不同,分析了非物质文化遗产权利人行使自身权利的限制和合理使用、法定许可的限制。通过比较非物质文化遗产客体与传统知识产权客体的不同得出非物质文化遗产在大多数情况下权利保护无期限的结论。最后,本文提出要建立起以非物质文化遗产保护法为主,传统知识产权保护和公法保护为辅,并制定和完善配套设施和制度的全方位、多层次的保护机制。关键词:非物质文化遗产;法律保护;知识产权;传统知识 Abstract ABSTRACT Intangible cultural heritage is thetraditional cultural expressions and cultural space which passed down from generation to generation by human and closely-related topeople’S genes and cultural soulof one nation, toprotect theintangible culturalheritage istheinevitable demand ofthehuman rights and thediversity ofworld cultural thatmust intangible cultural heritage ofChina,which carries our national spirit,national character and national memory,is the initialofthelong river of adevelopment great splendor protect our intangible cultural heritage as the inevitable selection,is not only to protect our national first—rankculture,but also toprevent theexploitation of This text started from analyze theobject,score and characteristic of the intangible heritage,under the two defense mechani sins:the defense mechanism in public law andthe defense mechanism inprivate law,set up aview that theintangible cultural heritage possess the nature of intellective profit and can be copy,it’S a new—style alsoanalyze thefeasibilityandlegalimpediment oftraditional intellectual property toprotect theintangible culturalheritage,thus put forward to setup aparticular defense mechanism tothisobj ect,thisCan make the cradle’Sgroup enjoy thecorresponding rights,which isc