虚拟语气形容词和副词-word资料(精).doc

1 虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实或者与事实相反,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 T omorrow 如果明天天气好的话真实条件句 If it is fine , we will go to the park. If it doesn ’t rain, we will go to the park. N ow 现在的天气是正在下雨非真实条件句 If it were fine ,I would go out to play. If it weren ’t raining, I would go out to play. 非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的, 句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用 if 引导的和时态有关的虚拟语气: 虚拟情况从句主句与现在事实相反 if+ 主语+ 动词过去式主语+would/should/ could /might+ 动词原形与过去事实相反 if+ 主语+had+ 动词过去式主语+would/should/ could /might+have + 动词过去分词动词过去式与将来事实相反 if+ 主语+ should+V 主语+would/should/ could /might+ 动词原形 were to+V 1) 与现在事实相反※注意: 条件从句中 be 一律用 were , 不分人称。但在口语中或非正式场合中, 第一、三人称单数也可用 was, 现代美语更是如此。※形式构成: 从句的谓语用动词的过去式( be 的过去式用 were ), 构成 IfI( we, you, he, they ) +动词过去式的形式; 主句的谓语用 would ( 第二、三人称) /should ( 第一人称) /might/could +动词原形。此外, 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句句型还有: If it were not for …= Were it not for …要不是/ 如果没有……如果我在你的位置,我的想法会不同。 IfI were in your place, I should think differently. 如果我是你的话,我不会那样做。 IfI were you, I shouldn ’t do like that. 要是我是你,我就会对他说实话。 IfI were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth. 如果他有时间,他就会(可能)和你去。 If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you. 要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没有问题了。 If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 2 2) 与过去事实相反※形式构成: 从句的谓语用 had +过去分词,构成 IfI (we, you, he, they) + had +过去分词的形式;主句的谓语用 should (第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/might have +动词过去分词。如果你仔细一点, 这个错误是可以避免的。 If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided. 假如受过良好的教育,他就不会表现成那样。 He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education. 假如我的表不停,我就会准时的。 If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time. 如果我们迟点走的话,我们就会错失火车了。 If we had left a little later, we should / would have missed the train. 要是我碰到她的话,我就已经告诉她了。 IfI had met her, I would have told her. ※注意: 与过去事实相反的句型还有: If it had not been for …= Had it not been for …要不是…/ 如果没有…… 3) 与将来事实相反※形式构成: 从句的谓语用 IfI (we, you, he, they) +动词过去式或 were to do或 should do形式,主句谓语用 should (第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might +动词原形。如果他明天来的话,他就会知道了。 If