生物化学A（上）-14总结.pptx

PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY生物化学（上）-总复习
期末考试
时间：2016年6月30日下午1:00—3:00
地点：H3106
注意：闭卷考试
考试题型：名词解释、是非题、选择题、填空题、问答题
答疑: 2016年6月27日下午1:00-5:00，逸夫科技楼605-1
发邮件到： ******@
Outline
序论、水
氨基酸
蛋白质
酶
核酸
脂
膜
糖
维生素
激素
生物科技史上两座最大的里程碑
细胞结构的发现:
Schwann / Schleiden
DNA是基因载体的发现:
Morgan, Watson/Crick
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Typical organisms
bacteria, archaea
protists, fungi, plants, animals
Typical size
~ 1-10 µm
~ 10-100 µm (sperm cells, apart from the tail, are smaller)
Type of nucleus
nucleoid region; no real nucleus
real nucleus with double membrane
DNA
circular (usually)
linear molecules (chromosomes) with histone proteins
RNA-/protein-synthesis
coupled in cytoplasm
RNA-synthesis inside the nucleusprotein synthesis in cytoplasm
Ribosomes
50S+30S
60S+40S
Cytoplasmatic structure
very few structures
highly structured by endomembranes and a cytoskeleton
Cell movement
flagella made of flagellin
flagella and cilia containing microtubules; lamellipodia and filopodia containing actin
Mitochondria
none
one to several thousand (though some lack mitochondria)
Chloroplasts
none
in algae and plants
Organization
usually single cells
single cells, colonies, higher multicellular organisms with specialized cells
Cell division
Binary fission (simple division)
Mitosis (fission or budding)
Meiosis
生命的源泉—水
水
氢键
极性
浸透压： Π＝icRT
酸碱度： pH = -log[H+]
缓冲液：Henderson-Hasselbalch方程: pH = pKa +log[质子受体]/[质子供体]
水分子的氢键
氢键
水分子的极性
偶极矩，dipole moment,
电荷与距离之积的矢量