主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致32489主谓一致要点精讲
山东省滕州二中高一英语组 杨常金
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“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则: 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
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1. 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一个人的双重身份或匹配出现的事物时谓语动词为单数，由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…)
The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)
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常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：
the needle and thread 针线salt and water盐和水the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁
time and tide 岁月 (时间和潮水)
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada.
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2. everyone of one of each of either of +复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
Each of the students has a book.
3. 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
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4. Every … and (every)…,  each …and (each)… ,  no …and (no)… , many a …and (many a)… 连接两个  单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
Every desk and every chair is made  of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the  same mistake.
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5. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, majority, crew, audience, public, government, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。
His family is in Harbin.
His family are music lovers.
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This class consists of 45 students. Mr. Green teaches it．
This class are all diligent. Mr. Green teaches them.
The team is the best in the league．这个队在联赛中打得最好。
The football team are having baths．足球队队员们在洗澡。
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1．His family _______ a small one．
2．His family _______ fat and short．
A. is, is B. are, are  C. is, are D. are, is
此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。
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但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage／luggage 行李，furniture家俱，scenery 景色等。
2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people