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抓住全球油气行业的价值现在准备为未知的未来麦肯锡.docx


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麦肯锡
2014年7月
抓住全球油气行业的价值: 现在准备,为未知的未来
Capturing value in global gas: Prepare now for an uncertain future
There is hugble supply opportunities, and LNG buyers risk extending the current supply shortage。 While there is no denying the challenges that uncertainty poses in the industry, those most likely to prosper will be the participants that understand the uncertainties, anticipate market developments, and build robust strategies capable of adapting to what the future holds.
Discontinuities upending the market
Over the past decade, regional gas markets have become much more connected, with the number of LNG or pipe routes carrying over five billion cubic meters per annum (
bcma)—more than doubling between 2001 and 2011. Yet despite increased linkages, gas prices in regional markets have diverged (Exhibit 1)。 Three market disruptions explain this.
Exhibit 1
附录1:
Regional gas prices have diverged.
地区气价分叉。
地区气价(美元 / MMBtu1)
布伦特2
日本3
欧洲4
美国5
来源: Bloomberg(彭博); FACTS; ISIS; NewsBase(资讯库)
In North America, rapid growth in shale—gas production has led to four years of oversupply and plummeting gas prices。 Between 2008 and 2012, production grew at an annual compound rate of 29 percent. However, gas demand failed to keep pace as consumers were slow to switch from other fuels, energy-efficiency measures offset demand growth, and exports have not been an option, since it can take five years to build an LNG export terminal and acquire the necessary permits。 Consequently, gas prices in North America fell from $8。9 per million British thermal units (MMBtu) to $2。8 per MMBtu over the same period。
In Asia, LNG prices have been boosted by economic growth, coupled with Japan’s decision in 2011 to shut down its nuclear capacity following the Fukushima disaster。 Japanese gas demand grew by more than 20 percent between 2010 and 2012, from 95 bcma to 117 bcma。 As Japan has no domestic gas, this all had to be imported as LNG。
Finally, in Europe, an econo

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