航空安全外文文献.doc

Analyzing aviation safety: Problems, challenges, opportunities
Clinton V . Oster Jr, John S. Strong , C. Kurt Zorn
classification: L93 ; R41
Keywords: Aviation safety; Aviation security; Aviation terrorism
1. Introduction
Scheduled passenger airline service has become very safe.
1 With one passenger fatality per million air travelers, 2011 was
the safest year on record
for
commercial
aviation worldwide 2 (Michaels
& Pasztor,
2011 ). The International
Air Transport
Association reported
that
the
global
airline
accident
rate
was
one
accident
for every
million
flights,
a 42 percent
improvement since 2000 (
Hersman, 2011 ). The improvement in safety during flight has led to increased attention to on-ground
risks in the industry –hazards that occur before take-off and after landing
–as the quest for improving commercial aviation
continues ( Pasztor, 2011
).
Improvement in safety has come from many sources over the years. Technological improvements in aircraft, avionics, and
engines have contributed to the betterment of the aviation safety record. Accident investigations have been aided by improved
cockpit voice recorders and flight data recorders. The development and use of ground proximity warning devices on aircraft
have all but eliminated a certain type of accident known as controlled flight into terrain for aircraft equipped with such devices.
Aircraft engines are more reliable and fail less often. Indeed, improvements in aircraft components have resulted in fewer
accidents
that involve
equipment
failure.
Pilot training
has
improved
through
the use and evolution
of
sophisticated
flight
simulators in both initial and recurrent pilot training. Pilot training has also benefitted immensely from improved understanding
of human factors and the
application
of
that understanding
to
training
and
regulations.
Navigational
a