[果壳中的宇宙pdf]-The_Universe_in_a_Nutshell_部分1.pdf

The Universe in a Nutshell
ALSO BY STEPHEN HAWKING
A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME
BLACK HOLES AND BABY UNIVERSES AND OTHER ESSAYS
The Universe in a Nutshell
LONDON • NEW YORK • TORONTO • SYDNEY • AUCKLAND
A Book Laboratory Book
TRANSWORLD PUBLISHERS
61-63 Uxbridge Road, London W5 5SA
a division of The Random House Group Ltd
RANDOM HOUSE AUSTRALIA (PTY) LTD
20 Alfred Street, Milsons Point, Sydney,
New South Wales 2061, Australia
RANDOM HOUSE NEW ZEALAND LTD
18 Poland Road, Glenfield, Auckland 10, New Zealand
RANDOM HOUSE SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD
Endulini, 5a Jubilee Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
Published 2001 by Bantam Press
a division of Transworld Publishers
Copyright © Stephen Hawking 2001
Original illustrations © 2001 by Moonrunner Design Ltd UK
and The Book Laboratory ™ Inc.
The right of Stephen Hawking to be identified as the author of this work has
been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 0593 048156
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission
of the publishers.
Printed in Great Britain by
Butler and Tanner Ltd, Frome, Somerset
3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4
FOREWORD ~ vii
CHAPTER 1 ~ page 3
A Brief History of Relativity
How Einstein laid the foundations of the two fundamental theories of the twentieth century:
general relativity and quantum theory.
CHAPTER 2 ~ page 29
The Shape of Time
Einstein's general relativity gives time a shape. How this can he reconciled with quantum theory.
CHAPTER 3 ~ page 67
The Universe in a Nutshell
The universe has multiple histories, each of which is determined by a tiny nut.
CHAPTER 4 ~ page 101
Predi