#毕业论文#孔墨天命观之比较.doc

壕啊孝
本科生毕业论文（设计）
毕业论文（设计）题目：
孔墨天命观之比较
部院系：历史学院
专 业：历史学
学 号：201111121003
学生姓名：周剑
指导教师：李锐
指导教师职称：副教授
指导教师单位：北京师范大tradition of sacrificing heaven and earth gradually evolved into political theory. Supreme God Emperor became sovereign deity in Shang people's mind . After Zhou people defeats Shang people, in order to reflect the legality of the state power, the Duke Zhou begun to remould the ideology of heaven and destiny, introducing morality into the ideology of heaven and destiny. The mandate of heaven are no longer unchanged, and only virtuous persons can get it while immoral persons will lose it.
In the second part, this article analyzed the form and content of Confucius's attitude towards heaven and went a step further to remould the ideology of heaven and destiny in West Zhou. He moved the ideology of heaven and destiny down, then emperors no longer enjoyed the mandate of heaven alone, and ordinary people could also have the mandate of heaven. People can know the mandate of heaven by means of improving moral cultivation. In the Confucius's idea about heaven and destiny, people's individuation is reflected the idea about Confucius's heaven, the sky in the element of the idea gets more and the God in the element of the idea gets less. So the idea about heaven and destiny gets secularization ,leading to benevolence and morality appearing.
In the third part, this article analyzed the form and content of Mocius's attitude towards heaven and destiny. Mocius's attitude towards heaven inherited the ideology of heaven in Shang Dynasty more, and the heaven in Mocius's mind is a omnipotence supreme God. The God rewards the virtuous and punishes the wicked by the help of ghost and deity, guiding people to universal love. The idea about denying fate in Mocius's mind weakens the influence of fatalism, exhorting people to be morality to change the fate. From this point of view, the idea about fate in Mocius's also inherits the attitude