Iceberg Principle 海明威的“冰山原则”创作理论 Outline 1 2 3 4 Origin and Definition Background Methods and Representative examples Development and Influence Origin and Definition 1 Origin If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A writer who omits things because he dose not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. --Ernest Hemingway in the Death in the Afternoon Definition The theory of omission 所谓“冰山原则”,就是用简洁的文字塑造出鲜明的形象,把自身的感受和思想情绪最大限度的埋藏在形象之中,使之情感充沛却含而不露、思想深沉而隐而不晦,从而将文学的可感性与可思性巧妙的结合起来,让读者对鲜明形象的感受去发掘作品的思想意义。 Background 2 Background The need pletely change the florid style of literature in the 19th century Victorian era. Hemingway’s years’ life experiences and his way of thinking about lives. In Hemingway’s point of view, wars, eeded by an unstable society, brought about unprecedented disasters to human beings. Wars contributed to Hemingway’s basic views on the human society and as well set a dull and gloomy tone for his early works. Background Being a reporter laid a good foundation for Hemingway’s “iceberg principle”. His terseness and accuracy had some mon with the language used in news report. Nevertheless, he didn’t lose his personality in such a strict regulations of words, on the contrary he created his own special language style. Methods and Reprezentative Examples 3
