现代英语词汇学(第三章)MotivationWhatismotivation?Motivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenword-,thegreatmajorityofEnglishwordsarenon-motivated,sincetheyareconventional,,thereisasmallnumberofwordsthatcanbedescribedasmotivated,thatis,,motivationmayariseinthreemajorways:,,whereasnon-,suchasthecriesofanimalsorthenoisesthatresembletheseassociatedwiththeobjectoractiontobenamed,:thebow-woworwoof-woofofadog,themeow-meowofacat,themooofacow,theroarofalion,thecooofapigeon,thehissofaserpent,thehumofbees,andquackofaduck;theboomofacannon,thecrackofapistolshot,theclangofthefire-bell,theclashofweapons,:“…Andeventhese(echoicwords)‘mutter’inGermanorFrench,eventhoughtheselanguagealsohaveonomatopoeicwordsfor‘mutter’:,thesoundyouhearisbynomeansaswhenyousay‘splash’.”(Quirk1963:43)Poetsandgreatwritersoftenusethesoundofwordstoachieveveryexpressiveeffectascanbeseeninthefollowingpoem:“Theicewashere,theicewasthere,Theicewasinallaround:Itcrackedandgrowled,androaredandhowled,Likenoiseinaswound.”(Note:swound=woond:abewitchedstate;trance昏厥,神魂颠倒)Thenumberofsuchwordsinanylanguageissmall,buttheirexistenceisimportantbecausetheyshowapopulardesireforasound-:“echotothesense”:icstructureofthewo
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