语言学认知语言学PPT学习教案.pptx

会计学
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语言学认知语言学
What Is Cognitive Linguistics?
Cognitive linguistics is a newly established approach to the study of language that emerged in the 1970s. It is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world.
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Main Points in Cognitive Linguistics
Construal and Construal Operations
Categorization
Image Schemas
Metaphor
Metonymy
Blending Theory
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Construal and Construal Operations
Construal is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point, figure-ground segregation, etc.
Attention/ Salience
Judgment/Comparison
Perspective/Situatedness
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Construal and Construal Operations : Attention/ Salience
The operation in salience have to do with our direction of attention towards sth. that is salient to us.
In cognition, we direct our attention to the activation of conceptual structures.
We use certain linguistic expressions to provoke certain patterns of activation.
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Construal and Construal Operations : Judgment/Comparison
The construal operations of judgment/ comparison have to do with judging sth. by comparing it to sth. else.
The figure-ground alignment apply to space, with the ground as the prepositional object and the preposition expressing the spatial relational configuration.
Static and dynamic figure/ ground
Trajector for a moving figure
Landmark for the ground of a moving figure
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Categorization
Categorization is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences. There are three levels in categories.
Basic level
Super-ordinate level
Subordinate level
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Metaphor
Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is constructed in terms of another. It is often described in terms of a target domain and a source domain. Lakoff and John classify conceptual metaphors into three