奈达与功能对等 (2).ppt

奈达与功能对等 (2)
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Brief introduction of Eugene Nida
an American linguist, translation theorist
born in Oklahoracteristics（特征），如tall，huge，beautiful等
Links（连接），如when，during，below等，在时空等方面起连接作用
Deictics（指示），如this，there，here等
Eg：environmentally damaging waste 传统词性翻译：在环境上有损害的废物
词类分析法： environmentally （entity）damaging（activity） waste（entity）

3（waste）does 2（damage） to 1（environment）
损害环境的废物
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2. Sentence Equivalence
Nida use the concept of kernel sentence to overcome the syntactic barriers in translation.
Eg: There is something I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice.
There is something.
I must say something (to my people).
My people stand (on the warm threshold).
The threshold is warm.
The threshold leads (into the palace).
The palace is of justice.
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Nida's Translation Procedure
(1)to reduce the source text to its structurally simplest and most semantically evident kernels; (decomposing)
(2) to transfer the meaning from the source to the receptor language on a structural simple level; (generating)
(3)to generate the stylistically and semantically equivalent expression in the receptor language. (reconstructing) (Nida 1964:68).
Semantic
simple
原文
译文
stylistically and semantically equivalent
on a structural simple level
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3 Passage Equivalence
Passage equivalence consists of three parts passage context，scene context and cultural context．
In order to handle such inter-language problems, Nida turn to semiology, especially the concept of isomorphism.
A basic concept in isomorphism is that linguistic symbols like words, or non-linguistic symbols like gestures are meaningful only in its own culture (system). Thus, we should try to find an equivalent symbol in target language to refer to the original ob