句子成分：主谓宾定状补表.ppt

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1. 句子成分:
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语
2. 按交际功能分:
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
:
简单句、并列句、复合句
句子成分1:主语
主语是一个句子所述说的主体。主语的位置一般在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。
The es from America.
名词作主语
He usually went to school alone.
代词作宾语
Studying English is very important.
动名词短语作主语
To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
不定式短语作主语
That he won the prize excited everyone.
主语从句作主语
It is important for us to have our dreams.
It 作形式主语,to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正的宾语
句子成分1:主语
It is obvious that he was wrong.
It 作形式主语,that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语。
8. It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
It’s no use doing sth. 做某事是没用的
spill – spilt – spilt (使) 洒出,溢出
覆水难收。
It 作形式主语,crying over the spilt milk 动名词短语作真正的主语。
句子成分1:主语
Have a try
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
没什么是不可能的。
Nothing is impossible.
(不定代词作主语)
2. 抱怨是没用的。
Complaining is useless.
(动名词作主语)
It is no plaining.
(it plaining 动名词作真正主语)
Have a try
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
3. 怎么减少我们的压力是个问题。
How to reduce our stress is a question.
(主语从句作主语)
我们立刻解决这个问题是件紧急的事。
It’s urgent that we solve the problem right now.
(it 作形式主语, that 引导主语从句)
Have a try
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
6. 迎接新世纪的挑战很重要。
It’s necessary for us to meet the challenge of the new century.
(it 作形式主语,不定式短语做真正主语)
句子成分2:谓语
谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当,或者由“系动词+表语”构成。谓语的位置一般出现在主语之后。
动词分为:实义动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词。
1. 实义动词为行为动词。它是表示动作或状态的动词,能单独做谓语。进一步可以分为及物动词(如believe, lend, make, win等)和不及物动词(如happen, sleep, work等)。
句子成分2:谓语
2. 系动词:系动词本身有意思,但不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。
包括:
be 动词
感官系动词:feel, look, smell, sound, taste 等
变化系动词:e, grow, turn, get, go
持续性系动词:keep, remain, stay
表“像”系动词:seem, appear, look
终止性系动词:prove, turn out
句子成分2:谓语
3. 助动词:have, be, do 等。助动词一般没有意义,不能单独做谓语。助动词的作用主要帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。
如:He is waiting for the bus.
He has made up his mind.
Do you love me?
4. 情态动词:can, could, may, might, must, should, need, have to, ought to, dare等